GDNF promotes the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in culture，and is able to prevent apoptosis of motor neurons induced by axotomy. The encoded protein is processed to a mature secreted form that exists as a homodimer. The mature form of the protein is a ligand for the product of the RET （rearranged during transfection） protooncogene. In addition to the transcript encoding GDNF，two additional alternative transcripts encoding distinct proteins，referred to as astrocyte-derived trophic factors，have also been described. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung disease.
GDNF enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake.
