FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR （GFER） is a member of the Erv1/ALR family of proteins， which is found in higher and lower eukaryotes. GFER is a hepatotrophic growth factor and flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase expressed in a variety of tissues. Moreover， GFER induces the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxyl-ase and ornithine decarboxylases （ODC）， which each have a central role in the synthesis of polyamines. The hepatotrophic factor designated augmenter of liver regeneration （ALR） is assumed to be one of the factors responsible for the exceptional regenerative capacity of mammalian liver. The GFER gene is located on chromosome 16 in the interval containing the locus for polycystic kidney disease （PKD1）.
