Glyoxyl agarose has been frequently used for multipoint covalent attachment of protein (including antibody and enzyme) and is particularly suited for enzyme immobilization when the stability of the immobilized enzyme is a concern (Selected review ref.: Zucca P. et. al. Molecules 2016, 21, 1577).
CellMosaic® designed this kit to work directly with glyoxyl agarose. Glyoxyl groups are aliphatic aldehyde groups with low steric hindrance towards the immobilization reaction and high stability at alkaline pH. Glyoxyl reacts with the amino group, forming Schiff’s base (imino bond). The imino bond is not very stable and can be reversible, so only proteins that form several imino bonds will be able to stay. For this reason, glyoxyl agarose permits the immobilization of the protein through the area with the highest density of lysine groups, where the highest likelihood of multipoint covalent attachment may be achieved. This multiple covalent attachment also allows appropriate alignment of the protein on the surface. After immobilization, the double bond of the Schiff’s base is finally reduced to form a stable secondary amino bond. The remaining aldehyde groups are converted into inert hydroxyl groups.
Proteins such as antibody containing disulfide bridges or enzyme bearing a metal ion in the active center may be affected by the final reducing step and should be used cautiously with this method.
产品描述
乙醛酰琼脂糖经常用于蛋白质(包括抗体和酶)的多点共价连接,并且当关注固定化酶的稳定性时,特别适合于酶固定化(选定综述参考文献:Zucca P. et.等人,Molecules 2016,21,1577)JellMosaic ®设计该试剂盒以直接与乙醛氧基琼脂糖一起工作。乙二氧基是脂肪族醛基,对固定化反应具有低空间位阻,在碱性pH下具有高稳定性。乙二氧基与氨基反应,形成席夫碱(亚氨基键)。亚氨基键不是很稳定,并且可以是可逆的,因此只有形成几个亚氨基键的蛋白质才能够留下来。由于这个原因,乙醛酰琼脂糖允许通过具有最高密度的赖氨酸基团的区域固定蛋白质,其中可以实现多点共价连接的最高可能性。这种多重共价连接还允许蛋白质在表面上的适当对齐。固定化后,席夫碱的双键最终被还原形成稳定的仲氨基键。剩余的醛基转化为惰性羟基。蛋白质如含有二硫键的抗体或活性中心含有金属离子的酶可能会受到最终还原步骤的影响,因此应谨慎使用该方法。CellMosaic®设计该试剂盒直接与戊二醛与氨基琼脂糖反应衍生的戊二醛琼脂糖(约20 μmol氨基/mL树脂)一起使用。在这种情况下,戊二醛的一个醛基连接到琼脂糖的氨基上,并留下其他醛在非常温和的条件下与蛋白质的氨基反应。由于共价键和与固体载体中的残余氨基的相邻离子相互作用,最终产物相对稳定。比如说,用蛋白A对该试剂盒进行的初始测试提供了每mL沉降珠3 mg蛋白A的最大负载能力和每mL沉降珠8 mg人IgG的结合能力。(包括抗体和酶),并已用于蛋白质固定通过共价连接到氨基活化的基质或通过单纯的交叉,蛋白质-蛋白质聚集体或吸附在氨基活化基质上的蛋白质的连接(精选综述:巴博萨,O. RSC Avd. 2014,4,1583-1600; Fernando Lopez-gallego等人,Immobilization of Enzymes and cells:third edition,Methods in Molecular Biology,2013,vol.1051,p33-41中的第3章)。戊二醛琼脂糖常用于温和反应条件下的蛋白质固定,特别适用于不稳定蛋白质。