Chemokine （C-C motif） ligand 2 （CCL2） is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1）. It is found at the site of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone， CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is under the control of nuclear factor ?B （NF?B）. CCL2 recruits immune cells， such as monocytes， to sites of tissue injury and infection. This chemokine is produced as a protein precursor containing signal peptide of 23 amino acids and a mature peptide of 76 amino acids. It is a monomeric polypeptide， with a molecular weightof approximately 13kDa. As with many other CC chemokines， CCL2 is located on chromosome 17 in humans. The cell surface receptors that bind CCL2 are CCR2 and CCR5.
