All α1-Adrenoceptors (α1-ARs) activate phospholipases C and A.In addition to mobilizing intracellular calcium, the α1-ARs have also been shown to activate calcium influx via voltage-dependent and independent calcium channels.n The α1B-Adrenoceptor shows the highest levels in the spleen, kidney, cerebellum, and fetal brain.α1B Adrenoceptor causes contraction of smooth muscle cells and thereby controls vascular tone, blood pressure, and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. ATTO dyes are characterized by strong absorption (high extinction coefficient), high fluorescence quantum yield, and high photo-stability. The ATTO-488 label is analogous to the well known dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and can be used with filters typically used to detect FITC.
