The γ subunit is an integral membrane protein. The γ family consists of at least 8 members, which share a number of common structural features. Each member is predicted to possess four transmembrane domains, with intracellular N- and C-termini. The first extracellular loop contains a highly conserved N-glycosylation site and a pair of conserved cysteine residues. CaVγ subunits inhibit CaV channel activity and modulate its activation and inactivation kinetics. CaVγ subunits have little effect on CaV channel trafficking. CaVγ3 mRNAs are only detectable in mouse brain.